NATO estimates that up to 40,000 Russian troops have been killed, injured, captured or gone missing during the first month of the Kremlin’s war in Ukraine, an alliance official confirmed to NBC News.

Of those, between 7,000 and 15,000 Russian troops have died, according to the official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity in order to share NATO’s latest intelligence assessment of the ongoing war.

Russian officials have previously declined to publicly disclose how many of their troops have died while fighting in Ukraine. On Tuesday, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that disclosing such figures is the “exclusive prerogative” of Russia’s Ministry of Defense.

“On the numbers, we agreed from the very beginning that we do not have the authority to voice them during the special military operation,” Peskov said, declining to elaborate further.

The Pentagon has previously denied confirming any reported estimates on the number of Russian troops who have been killed or otherwise removed from the battlefield.

A senior U.S. Defense official told reporters on a conference call on Wednesday that it remains difficult for the Pentagon to provide casualty estimates since the United States does not have troops on the ground in Ukraine.

“I’m not going to characterize what the ranges are that we’re looking at because they’re just very broad and we continue to have low confidence in those estimates because we’re not on the ground and can’t see you know what’s really going on on a day to day basis,” said the official, who declined to be named in order to share details from U.S. intelligence reports.

The official said that Russian forces are increasingly beset by logistical and command and control issues as well as morale problems.

“We picked up indications that some troops have actually suffered and been taken out of the fight because of frostbite,” the official said. In another example, the official said that morale in some cases was so low among Russian troops that soldiers left their armored vehicles and walked off into the woods.

Earlier this month, the U.S. intelligence community assessed that up to 4,000 Russian troops have been killed in the Kremlin’s then-two-week war in Ukraine.

That figure, which was shared during an unclassified March 8 hearing with lawmakers, was presented by Lt. Gen. Scott Berrier, director of the Defense Intelligence Agency.

“With low confidence, somewhere between 2,000 and 4,000. That number comes from some intelligence sources but also open sources,” Berrier said during testimony before the House Intelligence Committee’s hearing on “Worldwide Threats.”

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